CNC Machining
Hanshneg Automation is a professional customized CNC machining service provider and has provided customized CNC machining services and solutions to more than sixty countries and regions around the world.We can provide services such as CNC milling, 4-axis and 5-axis CNC machining, CNC turning, CNC grinding, wire EDM machining, and surface treatment.The precision of our machining is relatively high, for example, the error of ordinary turning and milling processing ≤ ± 0.01 mm; precision milling processing error ± 0.005 mm; precision turning and milling processing error ± 0.005 mm; ultra-mirror machining error ± 0.002 mm, and if you need a higher precision you can consult with our team of engineers.
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What Is CNC Machining?
CNC machining, or computer numerically controlled machining, is a manufacturing process that involves the precise control of a machine tool through computer programming to create parts by subtractive manufacturing. It is a process in which material is removed from a solid blank using operations such as cutting, drilling, and milling to ultimately achieve a desired shape. It is widely used in the production of precision parts made from a variety of materials, including metals, plastics, and composites.
What is a CNC machine?
CNC machining stands for computer numerical control, and its core definition is that the machine tool is controlled by the CNC controller executing a pre-programmed set of instructions for operation. These instructions are written in the form of a Coordinate Sequence, called G-code. any machining machine that is controlled by a G-code program can be defined as a CNC machine tool, including Milling Machine, Lathe, Plasma Cutter, etc.
The motion of a CNC machine is defined by coordinate axes: the basic machine is equipped with X/Y/Z linear axes to form a three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system; advanced models add A/B/C rotary axes, which correspond to rotational motion around the X/Y/Z axes, etc. Industrial-grade CNC machines typically support 5-axis rotary axes. Industrial grade CNC machines typically support 5-Axis simultaneous machining.
The workpiece is clamped to a spindle chuck and rotates, while the tool performs Radial/Axial Feed along the X/Z axes, specializing in rotational symmetry parts such as shafts and disk kits. complex surfaces (e.g., ellipses, parabolas) can be machined with an accuracy of ±0.01mm or ±0.005mm. Static Cutting is performed by standard tools, and optional Live Tooling can be used to realize rotary milling/drilling combined machining.
The spindle drives the tool to rotate at high speed, and the workpiece is fixed on the work table, and the three-axis linkage completes the machining of plane, groove and three-dimensional contour, with a conventional accuracy of ±0.01mm, and the precision model is up to ±0.005mm. The spindle moves vertically in the vertical structure, and the workpiece rotates horizontally in the horizontal structure; the five-axis machine can perform static cutting. Vertical structure with vertical spindle movement, horizontal structure with horizontal rotation of the workpiece; 5-axis models extend Freeform Surface machining, such as impellers, molds.
Vertical Milling Machine
Horizontal Milling Machine
Specialized in hole machining, the drill bit is strictly along the Z-axis vertical feed, and the table locates the holes through the X/Y-axis. The essential difference with milling machine is no lateral cutting capability, hole position accuracy ±0.02mm.
Adopting Superabrasive Wheel to carry out micro material removal on the surface of the workpiece, single cutting 0.001-0.05mm, specializing in hardened steel, ceramics and other hard materials. Finishing process for hardened steel, ceramics and other difficult-to-machine materials, surface roughness up to Ra 0.1μm, dimensional accuracy ±0.005mm or ±0.002mm.
How Does CNC Machining Work?
1. CAD Model Design
Use CAD software to create a Parametric 3D Model of the product with clearly defined geometric dimensions and tolerances and key features. The model should comply with the design principles of manufacturability to avoid machining interferences and process conflicts.
2. CAD-to-CAM Conversion
Convert the CAD model to a G-code program through CAM software, plan the Tool Path and set Cutting Parameters, such as S speed/Feed/ap depth of cut. Execute Machining Simulation to verify the safety of the path.
3. Machine & Tool Setup
Calibrate the positioning accuracy of the machine axes using a laser interferometer, set up tool compensation (H/D values) using a Tool Presetter, and use a high rigidity fixture to hold the workpiece.
4. Machining Operations
The CNC system parses G-code to drive servo motors in multiple axes, synchronizes real-time compensation and performs Subtractive Cutting, and monitors critical dimensions of the part being machined.
Features of CNC Machining
|
Advantages |
Disadvantages |
| Flexibility And Efficiency: CNC machining allows the machining of workpieces in a very short time and with a high degree of speed, precision and accuracy. At the same time, thanks to the multifunctional tool libraries (pre-loaded with a variety of tools) that CNC machines are often equipped with, it is possible to perform a wide range of processes such as boring (or reaming), milling, drilling, tapping, and even high finish (mirror) machining in a single clamping. | Higher Maintenance Costs: CNC machines are more expensive to maintain than manually operated machines due to their complex structure, high level of technological integration and high price, the wide range of equipment, and the fact that most operations are not interchangeable from one model to another. |
| High Customization Capability: through effective programming and appropriate machining strategies, it is possible to flexibly machine customized parts ranging from simple to highly complex designs. A wide range of materials can be machined, covering more than 50 metals and plastics, and product consistency is strictly guaranteed even in high-volume production. It also provides a good basis for subsequent customized surface treatment (e.g. anodizing, plating, painting, etc.) on a wide range of substrates. | High Material Waste: Although CNC machining is highly efficient, some processes, especially when machining complex shapes from solid blanks, can generate more chip waste than manual operations. |
| High Machining Accuracy: CNC machining can achieve a much higher level of accuracy than traditional machining methods. Typical accuracy for normal milling/turning is ± 0.01 mm, precision grinding and precision milling/turning can reach ± 0.005 mm, and ultra-precision machining can even achieve ± 0.002 mm. | Structural Limitations: CNC machines are capable of machining extremely complex geometries, but there are still limitations. For example, internal interlocking structures, deep cavities or complex openwork designs are not directly achievable with conventional CNC machining. |
CNC Machining Processes
There are many kinds of CNC machining processes, such as wire EDM, EDM molding, laser cutting, CNC grinding, water jet cutting, 3-axis CNC milling, 4-axis/5-axis CNC machining, CNC turning and so on. And we are best at the following four processes.
3-Axis CNC Milling
The most basic form of CNC milling, in which the machine spindle can move in X, Y, and Z linear directions. It uses rotary tools (e.g. end mills, face mills) to cut workpieces fixed on a horizontal table, and is suitable for machining flat surfaces, grooves, contours, holes and relatively simple three-dimensional surfaces.
5-Axis CNC Machining
The addition of two rotary axes (usually the A-axis around the X-axis and the B-axis around the Y-axis, or the C-axis around the Z-axis) to the three linear axes (X, Y, Z) to achieve 5-axis simultaneous or positioning (3+2-axis) machining.
CNC turning
Combines the functions of a lathe and a milling machine by adding a milling/drilling spindle that can rotate at high speeds and a radially movable Y-axis. This allows the machine to perform not only all turning operations, but also milling, drilling (including off-axis holes), tapping, grooving and other milling operations on the face or circumference of the workpiece.
Wire EDM - Electrical Discharge Machining
Etching of metal materials by means of pulsed spark discharges between a continuously moving electrode wire and the workpiece. It is almost unlimited by the hardness of the material and can process super-hard alloys with micron-level precision and good surface quality.
CNC Machining Materials
There are many materials that we can process, the common ones are shown in the following two tables, the materials we process are mainly divided into two categories: metal and plastic.
|
Metal |
|||
|
Type |
Grade |
Type |
Grade |
|
Aluminum |
Aluminum 6061 Aluminum 7075 Aluminum 5052 Aluminum 2A12 |
Mild steel |
Mild steel 1018 Mild steel 1045 Mild steel A36 |
|
Stainless steel |
Stainless steel 304 Stainless steel 316/316L Stainless steel 303 Stainless steel 430 Stainless steel 201 |
Tool steel |
Tool steel D2 Tool steel A2 Tool steel O1 Tool steel A3 Tool steel S7 Tool steel H13 |
|
Brass |
Brass C360 |
Spring steel |
|
|
Alloy steel |
Alloy steel 4140 Alloy steel 4340 Alloy steel 1215 |
Titanium |
Titanium Gr5 (TC4) |
|
Plastic |
|
|
ABS |
Nylon |
|
POM |
PTFE |
|
Polyethylene |
PEEK |
|
PMMA (Acrylic) |
Carbon Fiber |
Custom Sourced Materials
Various CNC machined metal and plastic part options are available as mentioned above. If the material you require is not mentioned in the table above, please specify the characteristics, tolerances, inspection requirements and quantities required on the quotation page and submit it to our team of professional engineers.
Our Surface Finishing
We mainly provide the following surface treatment, if you have other surface treatment needs you can contact info@hansmat.com.
|
Nickel Plating |
Chrome Plating |
Gold Plating |
DLC Coating |
|
Copper Plating |
Zinc Plating |
Silver Plating |
TiN Coating |
|
Anti Rust Coating |
Electrostatic Spraying |
Pickling And Passivating |
Nitriding Treatment |
CNC orientation and form general tolerances
We will endeavor to achieve and maintain the following tolerances, which will vary depending on the primary manufacturing method you choose, e.g. round hole 10 mm, tolerance +0.01-0.03 mm. If you have other requirements for higher tolerances, you can contact our engineers via our e-mail address and find out if we have the capability to meet your machining needs.
|
Part Length |
Directional And Form Tolerances |
Angular Tolerances |
|
0 - 300 mm |
±0.125 mm |
±0.5° |
|
300 - 600 mm |
±0.250 mm |
±0.5° |
|
600 - 900 mm |
±0.400 mm |
±1.0° |
|
900 - 1,500 mm |
±0.800 mm |
±1.0° |
|
> 1,500 mm |
±1.600 mm |
±1.0° |
Multi-industry applications of CNC machining services
We can provide first-class CNC machining products for many different industries, such as aerospace, optics, semiconductor, medical equipment, automotive, and electronics.
FAQ
Q: What applications is CNC machining best suited for?
A: CNC machining is the process of choice for manufacturing high-precision, complex geometric metal/plastic parts, especially for aerospace critical components (e.g. turbine blades), medical implants (tolerance ±0.01mm), automotive engine cores and other areas that require tight dimensional control, with capabilities far exceeding those of traditional manual machining.
Q: What types of tools are commonly used for CNC machining?
A: Core tools include end mills (roughing/finishing contours), drills (holemaking), turning tools (turning rotating bodies), taps (threading), and boring tools (precision reaming), with selection based on the hardness of the material (e.g., high-speed steel for aluminum alloys, cemented carbide for hardened steels) and machining goals (roughing/finishing).
Q: Is CNC machining completely free of human intervention?
A: CNC is essentially programmed for automatic execution, but key aspects rely on human intervention: programming and simulation verification (collision avoidance) → workpiece/tool clamping calibration → first piece inspection and parameter tuning → online monitoring (tool wear/thermal deformation), the whole process requires experienced engineers to guarantee.
Q: What surface quality can be achieved with CNC milling/turning?
A: Typical surface roughness: Ra 0.8-3.2 μm for finish milling, Ra 0.4-1.6 μm for finish turning, equivalent to a class 7-8 finish. When mirror effect (Ra<0.1μm) is required, secondary finishing such as polishing/grinding must be added.
Q: How to effectively improve CNC machining efficiency?
A: Adopt high-speed cutting (HSM) parameters (high speed + small depth of cut) and mill-turn composite process to reduce the number of clamping; deploy robots automatic loading and unloading + adaptive control system; regular spindle dynamic balance calibration to avoid speed reduction to ensure accuracy. At present, we have deployed robotic arms in the production of motor parts machining, which has improved our machining efficiency.
Q: What are the most dangerous operational risks in CNC machining? How can they be prevented?
A: Machine collisions caused by program errors are the number one risk and can lead to instantaneous tool/spindle damage. Prevention requires strict implementation of tool path simulation (e.g. VERICUT software), especially for 5-axis machining, G-code must be verified with a professional simulation system, and a collision detection module must be added after CAM programming to intercept abnormal commands.
Q: What are the consequences of improperly setting cutting parameters?
A: Wrong speed/feed will lead to: ① Abnormal tool wear (life shortened by more than 50%); ② Surface roughness exceeds the standard (Ra value deterioration of 2-3 levels); ③ Dimensional tolerance out of control (especially thin-walled parts deformation).The parameters need to be dynamically optimized according to the material grade (e.g. 6061 aluminum vs. 304 stainless steel) and the type of tool coating, and usually require more than 3 test cuts to verify.
Q: What is the cost of neglecting CNC machine maintenance?
A: Neglecting CNC machine maintenance will directly lead to permanent deterioration of accuracy (e.g. repeatable positioning error > 0.02mm) and sudden downtime. Strictly enforced hierarchical maintenance: daily chip cleaning and guideway lubrication, monthly calibration of screw backlash, and annual inspection of spindle dynamic balance, or cumulative repair costs can exceed 30% of the purchase price of a new machine.
Hansheng Automation (Dongguan) Co., Ltd. is one of the leading cnc machining manufacturers and suppliers in China. We warmly welcome you to buy discount cnc machining for sale here from our factory. All customized products are with high quality and competitive price.
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