Hansheng Automation has been deeply involved in the field of CNC machining for several years, focusing on providing customers with customized CNC machining solutions, including customer drawing evaluation, material selection suggestions, surface treatment suggestions, etc.
CNC machining is an automation technology that controls machine tools to complete precision manufacturing through digital instructions. At its core, the CAD model is converted into a G-code program that drives the tool to cut the material to be machined with micron-level accuracy (±0.001mm). Compared with traditional machining, CNC machining supports 3-axis to 5-axis linkage, which can process complex geometries such as aviation blades and spiral surfaces. It can also handle different materials, such as metals such as aluminum, steel, iron, plastic materials such as PEEK and ABS, and other composite materials. At the same time, CNC machining technology can also achieve efficient and continuous production, which is suitable for high-volume production.
The process of CNC machining
1. Cad Modeling
Use the 3D modeling software SolidWorks/AutoCAD to build a 3D model of the product to be machined.
2. Cam Programming
The model is imported into Mastercam/UG to generate a toolpath and output as G-code, which is used to drive CNC machining tools for dynamic milling. Contour layering is used for roughing milling (depth of cut 2-5 mm) and spiral interpolation (surface roughness Ra≤0.8 μm) is used for finishing milling.
3. Machine Settings
This step designs fixture selection and tool calibration. Clamps can be selected with vacuum suction cups, vises, special fixtures, and more. To calibrate the tool, the probes in the machine first perform position detection to ensure that the multi-tool system compensates for errors every time it is machined.
4. Processing Execution
When machining, it is necessary to use sensors to monitor the wear of the tool in real time, as well as to control the cutting speed of the tool, which is different for different processing materials. The cutting speed of aluminum alloy is 2000-5000mm/min, stainless steel is 800-1500mm/min, and titanium alloy needs oil mist cooling (spindle speed≤3000rpm).
5. Quality Inspection
Precision instruments such as spiral micrometer, three-dimensional detector, surface roughness tester and other precision instruments are used to measure the dimensional tolerance (± 0.01 mm) and surface roughness (Ra ≤ 0.4 μm for precision parts). A spectrometer is used to determine whether there are defects in the processed product.
6. Post-treatment Process
The finished product also needs to be processed, such as anodizing, electroplating and other operations (such as gold plating, silver plating, copper plating, chrome plating, nickel plating, etc.) for metal processing parts. For plastic processing parts, it is to remove burrs, laminate and other operations.
7. Product Testing
A series of tests are carried out on a series of samples from the processed products to ensure that the products can meet the requirements of the customer's actual working conditions.
Commonly used CNC machining equipment
There are five kinds of CNC machining equipment commonly used in our factory, which are five-axis CNC machine tools, turn-mill compound machine tools, high-speed milling machines, wire cutting, and laser cutting machines. The following compares the functions and features of each of these devices.
|
Device type |
Core features |
Accuracy metrics |
Fields of application |
|
Five-axis machining center |
Complex surface machining (impeller/mold cavity) |
The positioning accuracy ± 0.003mm |
Aerospace, automotive engines |
|
Mill-turn machines |
Turning + milling is completed in one clamping |
C-axis positioning accuracy ± 1 arc second |
New energy battery shells, precision shafts |
|
High-speed milling machine |
Efficient cutting of aluminum alloy (wall thickness ≤3mm) |
Cutting speed5000mm/min |
3C product shell and heat sink |
|
Wire EDM |
Precision machining of high-hardness materials (hardened steel/cemented carbide) |
Surface roughnessRa≤0.2μm |
Precision molds, gears |
|
Laser cutting machine |
Non-contact sheet cutting (carbon steel≤20mm) |
The width of the slit ≤ 0.1mm |
Sheet metal structural parts, decorative panels |
Material selection
CNC machining can be selected for different application scenarios of a variety of materials, common materials are aluminum alloy, stainless steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy and engineering plastics, etc., and then from the characteristics of these materials detailed analysis, to help you better determine which CNC machining materials need to be used in your project.
|
material |
Commonly used models |
Density (g/cm³) |
Tensile Strength (MPa) |
Thermal conductivity (W/m·K) |
Typical Applications |
advantage |
limitations |
|
Aluminum alloy |
6061-T6, 7075-T6, 5052-H32 |
2.6-2.8 |
240-570 |
120-200 |
Aerospace structural parts, automotive brackets |
Lightweight (density ≈ 1/3 of steel), high specific strength |
Poor corrosion resistance (anodizing required) |
|
stainless steel |
304, 316L, 17-4PH |
7.9-8.0 |
505-1300 |
15-25 |
Medical devices, chemical valves |
Corrosion resistant (316L chloride ion corrosion resistant) |
Significant work hardening (30% higher tool loss) |
|
Titanium alloy |
Ti6Al4V, Ti-3Al-2.5V |
4.4-4.5 |
895-1000 |
6-7 |
Aviation fasteners, artificial joints |
Biocompatible, high temperature resistance (≤450°C) |
Poor thermal conductivity (prone to cutting heat build-up) |
|
Copper alloys |
H62 brass, C110 copper |
8.4-8.9 |
330-350 |
120-400 |
Electrical connectors, radiators |
Excellent electrical and thermal conductivity (copper conductivity ≥ 58MS/m) |
Easy to oxidize (requires surface coating protection) |
|
Engineering plastics |
PEEK, PC, ABS |
1.1-1.4 |
60-100 |
0.2-0.5 |
Semiconductor fixtures, insulating parts |
Chemical resistance (PEEK resistance to strong acids and alkalis) |
High coefficient of thermal expansion (processing requires cooling and temperature control) |
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