CNC machine tools can be classified according to their process purpose, motion mode, control mode, and other methods. Among them, CNC machine tools can be divided into four categories according to their processing purposes: CNC metal cutting machines, CNC metal forming machines, CNC special machining machines, and CNC measurement and drawing machines.
According to the process purpose
1. CNC metal cutting machine tools. Including CNC lathes, CNC drilling machines, CNC milling machines, CNC grinding machines, CNC boring machines, and machining centers.
2. CNC metal forming machine tool. Including CNC bending machines, CNC combination punches, CNC pipe bending machines, CNC rotary head presses, etc.
3. CNC special machining machine tools. Including CNC special machining machines, CNC flame cutting machines, CNC laser cutting machines, specialized combination machines, etc.
4. CNC measurement and drawing machine tools. Including CNC plotters, CNC coordinate measuring machines, CNC tool alignment machines, etc.
By exercise mode
1. Point control CNC machine tools. Including CNC drilling machines, coordinate boring machines, CNC welding machines, and CNC pipe bending machines.
2. Linear control CNC machine tools. The characteristic is that the moving parts of the machine tool can achieve linear feed motion parallel to the coordinate axis or control two coordinate axes to achieve oblique feed motion.
3. Contour control CNC machine tools. The characteristic is that the moving parts of the machine tool can achieve simultaneous linkage control of two coordinate axes.
By control method
1. Open loop control of CNC machine tools. This type of machine tool does not have a position feedback device for control.
2. Semi closed-loop control of CNC machine tools. An angular displacement detection device is installed on the open-loop control servo motor shaft, and a semi closed-loop control CNC machine tool indirectly detects the displacement of moving parts in the CNC workshop by detecting the angle of the servo motor, and feeds it back to the comparator of the CNC device. It is compared with the input command according to the control mode, and the moving parts are controlled by difference.
3. Closed loop control of CNC machine tools. At the corresponding position of the final moving parts of the machine tool, a linear or rotary detection device is used to directly measure the displacement or angular displacement value. The closed-loop control of the CNC machine tool is fed back to the comparator of the CNC device and compared with the input instruction displacement. The difference is used to control the moving parts, so that they move strictly according to the actual required displacement.
By other means
1. Classify the performance of machine tools based on numerical control. Including point control CNC machine tools, economical CNC machine tools, mid-range CNC machine tools, and high-end CNC machine tools.
2. Classify according to the composition of the CNC device used. Including hard wire CNC machine tools and soft wire CNC machine tools.