With the development of China's manufacturing industry, CNC machine tools have become increasingly the backbone of the mechanical manufacturing industry. CNC machining is widely used in industries such as automobiles, electrical appliances, medical equipment, furniture, and hardware. The main factors that affect product completion during the processing of components, from raw materials (profiles) to completion, are generally machine tools, cutting tools, and materials. The following will focus on analyzing the factors of cutting tools.
Cutting tools can be roughly divided into: high-speed steel, hard alloys, metal ceramics, ceramics, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, and so on. Different cutting tools are suitable for processing different materials. For example, high-speed steel cutting tools are suitable for processing softer materials such as plastic and aluminum, while hard alloy cutting tools are suitable for processing non-ferrous metals (steel, cast iron, copper) and other materials. We will not explain each of these cutting tools later.
Let's talk about the processing characteristics of high-speed cutting tools. Aluminum cutting tools are also a type of high-speed steel cutting tools. Aluminum cutting tools are also divided into single edged, double-edged, and multi edged. Different processing conditions require different numbers of cutting edges. Single edged cutting tools are suitable for thin-walled parts, with good shock absorption and fast cutting. The characteristic of thin-walled parts is that they will bounce during processing, which can cause tool breakage and over cutting. Therefore, single edged cutting tools greatly prevent such problems from occurring. However, the smoothness of the wall processed by a single blade knife is not high, so the types of processed parts include thin-walled profiles such as doors and windows, curtain walls, etc.
Two edged cutting tools are suitable for processing parts that require a certain level of smoothness, meet certain cutting requirements, and process parts with relatively low vibration. The processing thickness is relatively thin, and the processing types include handles, furniture, kitchen utensil profiles, etc.
Multi blade milling cutters have smaller grooves compared to other cutters, so they are not suitable for heavy cutting and are suitable for precision machining. Multi blade milling cutters produce high smoothness and can be processed without the need for other polishing and polishing. These types of cutters are suitable for processing high-precision parts, such as aerospace, guide rails, equipment accessories, etc.
Through simple analysis, it can be seen that tool materials all have similar properties (such as high hardness, high strength, and wear resistance), and also have their own characteristics. These differences determine what type of tool we should choose in cutting processing. When selecting tool materials, we should comprehensively consider various factors such as workpiece materials, processing conditions, and workpiece processing quality, and choose suitable tool materials to meet the processing requirements well.