CNC machining machines use computers to control the movement of tools and/or tables and are very advanced equipment that allows manufacturers to manufacture complex parts with extremely low tolerances. However, with all the different CNC machining options out there, it can be difficult to know where to start. Different parts require different machining processes depending on their shape, size, quantity, and end purpose, so choosing the right CNC machining process is a very testing task.
Many CNC machining machines only use three axes, and three axis CNC machining is sufficient for many projects, but there are other axes available for development as well. These extra axes are the result of rotation around one or both of the X, Y, and Z axes, taking into account not only the position but also the direction. In fact, these axes can be utilized by rotating the cutting tool or by tilting the table on which the workpiece is fixed.
Why are 5-axis CNC machining machines useful?
There are many advantages to having a CNC machining machine with these extra axes. Since they can cut the workpiece from different angles, 4-axis CNC machining and 5-axis CNC machining machines can complete a part in less time without the need for multiple setups. This has the cascading advantage of eliminating incorrect alignment, which comes with the risk of having to manually readjust the workpiece for a new setup every time. Another benefit of multi-axis machining is that it eliminates the need for complex fixtures, which often require parts to be held in place on a 3-axis machine.
However, from the customer's point of view, the biggest advantage of 4 and 5 axis CNC Plus is its ability to produce extremely complex shapes to a very high standard. With additional axes, the machine can move in new arcs and angles with greater range and flexibility. This ultimately led to the ability to create a variety of unusual geometries. For 3-axis machines, bending the edge requires multiple small cuts, which can take a long time to complete, and rarely leaves a perfect finish. But for multi-axis machines, gradually adjusting the fourth or fifth axis can produce near-perfect contours and smooth surfaces.
Since the 5-axis CNC plus provides higher quality and finishing, it is particularly suitable for automotive, aerospace, or medical parts. In short, tighter tolerances and more complex geometries are better suited for 5-axis CNC machining. Because 4- and 5-axis CNC machining machines can produce highly complex parts, they are often favored by customers in high-budget, high-risk industries such as aerospace. However, not every job requires a multi-axis setup.
If cost is the number one priority, 3-axis machining may be the best option. 3-axis CNC machining machines are less expensive to purchase and require less skill to operate, so 3-axis machining of parts tends to be cheaper than a more advanced process. Even if you don't think about the cost, sometimes it's better to leave extremely simple shapes to a 3-axis machine.